X- thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv ntau qhov chaw, suav nrog kev kuaj mob, tsis yog- kuaj kev puas tsuaj, kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb. Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas siv hauv kev tsim thiab kev tshawb pom. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum muaj cov lej tshwj xeeb atomic, qhov ntom ntom, cov qauv siv lead ua, thiab ruaj khov kom ntseeg tau tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, kev sib kis, kev hloov kho, thiab txais X-rays.
Hais txog X-ray qhov chaw, cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog siab -atomic- tooj hlau lub hom phiaj, feem ntau suav nrog tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), thiab chromium (Cr). Tungsten, vim nws qhov siab melting point, zoo thermal conductivity, thiab muaj peev xwm tsim tau siab - zog nruam thiab tus yam ntxwv spectra, tau dhau los ua lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv rau kev kho mob thiab kev lag luam flaw detection X-ray raj. Molybdenum tuaj yeem tsim cov yam ntxwv hluav taws xob tsim nyog rau cov duab mos mos ntawm cov raj qis qis thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb xws li mammography. Chromium yog siv rau hauv kev tsom xam fluorescence tshwj xeeb thiab qis-zog X- cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Lub purity thiab grain orientation ntawm lub hom phiaj cov khoom muaj feem xyuam rau qhov siv thiab lub zog spectrum faib ntawm X-rays; Yog li ntawd, kev tswj xyuas nruj ntawm metallurgical thiab kev ua cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau ua thaum npaj.
Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav X-ray, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb tau muab faib ua ob pawg: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob semiconductor. Scintillators, xws li sodium iodide (NaI), cesium iodide (CsI), thiab cadmium tungstate (CdWO₄), hloov X-ray photon excitation rau pom lub teeb, uas yog ces nyeem los ntawm photomultiplier hlab los yog photodiodes. Cov ntaub ntawv no yuav tsum muaj kev ua haujlwm siab luminous, lub sijhawm tawg sai, thiab cov lus teb zoo linear, thiab nthuav tawm qee qhov kev tiv thaiv rau deliquescence thiab mechanical shock. Semiconductor detector cov ntaub ntawv, sawv cev los ntawm cadmium zinc telluride (CZT), cadmium telluride (CdTe), silicon (Si), thiab germanium (Ge), siv photons los tsim hluav taws xob ncaj qha - qhov khub thiab hloov lawv mus rau hauv cov teeb liab hluav taws xob. Lawv muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo xws li kev daws teeb meem lub zog siab thiab cov lus teb ceev ceev, ua rau lawv tsim nyog rau kev tshuaj ntsuam xyuas cov tshuaj nuclear thiab siab -qhov tseeb zog dispersive spectroscopy tsom xam.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov hlau hnyav thiab alloys, xws li txhuas (Pb), barium (Ba), thiab txhuas- muaj cov polymers, yog siv dav hauv X-ray optics thiab filtering systems. Lawv cov lej atomic siab thiab cov yam ntxwv siab ceev ua rau X-ray shielding thiab beam hardening, txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qis- zog tawg ntawm cov duab zoo. Hais txog cov ntaub ntawv qhov rais rau X-ray raj, beryllium (Be) yog dav siv vim nws tsis tshua muaj pes tsawg atomic, transmissivity zoo, thiab txhua yam muaj zog, kom ntseeg tau tias X-ray kis tau tus mob thaum tuav lub tshuab nqus tsev foob.
Overall, the selection of primary X-ray materials revolves around high atomic number, suitable density, stable physicochemical properties, and compatibility with process requirements. Kev sib xyaw ua ke thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv sib txawv txiav txim siab qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov duab, kev tshawb pom qhov rhiab heev, thiab lub neej ntawm X- txoj kab hluav taws xob, tsim cov khoom siv rau kev siv dav hauv cov thev naus laus zis no.
